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| === Overview === Availiability of textbooks for recent implementations of APL is limited. The classic textbooks do not cover recently-implemented, important features of modern APLs such as object-oriented concepts, GUI (graphical user interface) implementation, program flow control structures, .NET interfaces, direct definition, namespaces and user-defined operators. However, a classic APL textbook, such as Gilman, L. and Rose, A.J. "APL: An Interactive Approach", can be used to learn the fundamentals of the APL programming language. |
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| === APL+Win === The basic and advanced features of APL+Win, including ActiveX interface (e.g. interface with Microsoft Office, ADO databases), Windows GUI development, and application system architecture, are fully discussed with practical examples in the recent book Askoolum, A. "System Building with APL+Win" Wiley 2006, which is available from Amazon or directly from APL2000. === APL and Math === The book Reiter, C.A. and Jones, W.R. "APL with a Mathematical Accent" Wadsworth 1990 discusses the fundamentals of APL and also provides examples from matrix algebra, Monte Carlo simulation and statistics. |
There are some excellent books available adressing the needs of beginners as well as advanced programmers. Look at BooksAndPublications for a list. |
Contents
Which APL?
Where to start — and with which APL? There are several to choose from.
Self-starters
If you have no prior experience with an APL, no teacher and no textbook, download NARS2000, an Open Source APL interpreter, and make use of the excellent APL Tutorial on the APL wiki.
Classic APL
Open source
NARS2000 is an Open Source APL which is strongly suggested for looking into the language as such. It does not come with any OO-features, this is subject to the commercial implementation.
A+ is an APL originally developed by Arthur_Whitney for financial-markets applications at Morgan Stanley, an American investment bank, where it has been used since the mid-1980s, and subsequently released under GNU Public Licence at aplusdev.org. The BAA built a Windows version of A+, which you can download from the BAA A+ project.
Commercial APLs
Interpreted APLs
APL2
APL+Win
APLX
Dyalog
Sharp APL
are primarily used for commercial programming and run on a variety of PC and mainframe platforms; see SupportedPlatforms for details.
They are extensively documented but some offer little material to support new programmers. They are shipped with many features to assist working programmers and are excellent tools for general programming.
Compiled APLs
Visual APL is an object-oriented, Unicode-based APL implementation which is fully-integrated with Microsoft_Visual_Studio and produces truly managed code which fully inter-operates with any other .Net language, such as C# and VB.Net. An extensive collection of sample applications and detailed examples for VisualAPL are available at VisualAPL Forum
Pricing
While licences for these implementations typically cost several hundred pounds/euros/dollars, some vendors (e.g. APL2000 [both APL+Win and VisualAPL], Dyalog, IBM and MicroAPL) offer licences for educational purposes either free or at large discount. MicroAPL and Soliton Associates offer free personal versions of (respectively) APLX and SHARP APL for Linux.
Other members of the APL family
J
J is Ken Iversons latest attempt to improve APL. J is certainly closely related to APL, but in the view of most people it is not an APL dialect. For details see the J wiki
Q
Q is the latest APL from Arthur Whitney, tuned for fast execution and very large database queries. It sees most use in financial markets, where server licences sell for tens of thousands of dollars. Educational licences are available for teaching; contact KX Systems.
Documentation
There are some excellent books available adressing the needs of beginners as well as advanced programmers. Look at BooksAndPublications for a list.