The APLs go back to the origins of computer science and form an alternative tradition within it, about as old as object-oriented programming.
DiscoverApl, copied from [http://www.vector.org.uk/ Vector], the journal of the British APL Association
- [wiki:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APL_programming_language Wikipedia article on APL]
[http://www.vector.org.uk/typography/pview.htm A personal view of APL] by K.E. Iverson
[http://www.ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/APL-hist.html A personal history of APL] by Micheal S. Montalbano